CXCL12 and acute myeloid leukemia: When considering treatments targeting BM microenvironment, CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12)/CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor 4) axis is the most studied pathway in AML treatment; as reported, inhibition of this pathway leads to mobilization of leukemic cells, sensitizes them to chemotherapy and promotes apoptosis (134–138).