Several inflammatory pathways participate in the complicated molecular networks and processes in DKD, including chemokines (CCL2, CX3CL1 and CCL5), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-18), adhesion molecules, E-selectin, α-actinin 4, transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor (84). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.