Some studies suggested that the objective response rate (ORR) for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors did not significantly differ between virally infected and uninfected HCC patients, the tumor mutational burden was similar between the two groups of patients, and a difference was not observed in the ORR between HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC patients (58, 59). Here, CD274 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.