TH and Parkinson disease: Modulation of neuroinflammation was associated with a prevention of the loss of TH-positive neurones in the SNpc of ~17% which was in agreement with recent studies that showed a neuroprotective effect of probiotics in animal models of more advanced stages of PD (Srivastav et al., 2019;Hsieh et al., 2020; Castelli et al., 2021).