In this regard, several cancer models were studied to better comprehend the usage of MSCs as promising delivery tools, which were engineered to express suicide gene thymidine kinase (TK), IFNa, IFNb, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), chemokine CX3CL1, thrombospondin 1(TSP-1), and other anti-cancer agents (46, 51). Here, CX3CL1 is linked to cancer.