INS and diabetes mellitus: Our findings corroborate previous studies that identified the protective role of ARA290 to moderate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress induced by the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (52); to reduce radiation induced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation when administered as a nanoreactor (53); and to improve glucose oxidation rate, ATP production and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in experimental models of diabetes (53).