Very rarely, morphological and immunophenotypic APL with non-RAR rearrangements can occur involving fusion of MLL with partners such as ELL, AF1Q, and RPRD2; only three such cases have been reported, with successful induction with AML-directed intensive chemotherapy and discontinuation of ATRA as ATRA-sensitive RAR mutations were not detected (43, 44). The gene discussed is RARA; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.