Studies have shown that the treatment effect of ICI in cancer patients is related to the type and proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the TME and their stress response to the tumors, in which cytotoxic CD4+/CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and macrophages participate in direct tumor cell killing and may occupy a unique position in immunotherapy (11–13). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.