RAF1 and neoplasm: We suggest that, during immunotherapy, enhanced expression of inflammatory factors including TMEM43, BCL7B, TBL2, MLXIPL, STX1A, and RAF1 may lead to a higher risk of irAEs, while immune activation factors including PAK2 and DLG1, in addition to NAP1L4 whose function has not been related to the immune system currently, may improve anti-tumor immunity.