The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced NSCLC treatment, including anti-PD-1 (Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab) and anti-PD-L1 (Durvalumab, Atezolizumab) based on randomized trials that showed an overall survival benefit in this cohort of patients. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.