Our findings indicate that post-anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy downregulation of exosomal PD-L1, E-Cadherin, MICA, MICB, ULBP1, ULBP3, Siglec7, and upregulation of exoPD-1, exoIFN-γ were correlated with tumor regression, while upregulation of exoPD-L1 was associated with tumor progression as summarized in Figure 10. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.