In targeting pH balance, genetic deletion of the chloride/bicarbonate anion transporter Ae2 (also known as SLC4A2) which extrudes bicarbonate down physiologic gradients in CD8+ T cells improves T cell cytokine production and increase proportion of memory phenotype cells after activation in vitro and improves tumor control in ACT experiments in vivo by preventing bicarbonate loss to acidic environments (69, 70). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.