Targeted next-generation sequencing of 14 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) patients revealed molecular abnormalities that activate multiple pathways, including the Wnt pathway (CTNNA1 and CTNNB mutations) and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (mTOR, PIK3CA, and NF1 mutation) 78. Here, CTNNA1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.