Downregulation or inhibition of CTNNA1 expression has been reported in osteosarcoma induced by the bone-seeking alpha emitter, 238Pu (which has been experimentally proven to induce the formation of bone tumors in animal osteosarcoma) 81, as well as in advanced thyroid cancer 82 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 83. This evidence concerns the gene CTNNA1 and osteosarcoma.