In chemically induced colitis mouse models, FXR-deficiency worsens, while treatment with the FXR agonist obeticholic acid protects from mucosal inflammation and promotes the expression of antibacterial genes.73 Obeticholic acid-mediated activation of FXR decreases TNF-α production in several immune cell populations ex vivo. The gene discussed is NR1H4; the disease is colitis.