In contrast to the NF- κB and JAK/STAT pathways predominantly involved in inflammatory response, the PI3K catalytic subunit alpha/protein kinase B (PI3KCA/Akt) pathway contributes significantly to the amplification phase of RA such as abnormal proliferation of FLS cells and the differentiation of osteoclasts (13, 14). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and rheumatoid arthritis.