Previous work has demonstrated that PTX treatment can promote the maturation of DCs in vitro and upregulate their production of co-stimulatory molecules [48]; that way, PTX mediates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β, in DCs, and increases T cell responses, which may lead to autoimmune diseases, in vivo [49–52]. Here, IL1B is linked to autoimmune disease.