Correspondingly, the treatment of GLP-1 RAs for one week in rats with type 2 diabetes could reduce NOX3 and SOD2 levels in the retina cells, alleviate autophagy through the GLP-1R-ERK1/2-HDAC6 signaling pathway, and finally improve DR [34]. The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.