SHH and polycystic kidney disease: Examination of μCT images of E15.5 HOM Fuz mutant embryos uncovered the extent of embryonic defects resulting from impaired primary cilia formation, and likely subsequent impaired sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling, and planar cell polarity (PCP) regulation; these include absent lungs and pituitary, agenesis of the tongue, hypoplastic mandible, cleft palate, Meckel’s cartilage malformation, dextrocardia and heart anomalies, absent or polycystic kidneys, and neural tube defects (data not shown).