When apolipoprotein E (ApoE) KO mice and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) KO mice are treated with an FXR agonist (OCA) or FXR/TGR5 dual agonist (INT-767), atherosclerosis, aortic plaque formation, and the levels of circulating cytokines, including IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12, decrease via inactivation of NF-κB34,35. This evidence concerns the gene GPBAR1 and atherosclerosis.