Despite the fact that deciphering the detailed activity of the ubiquitination process is essential for paving the underlying roles of PPAR α/γ1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, the lysine site(s) that MuRF1/MuRF2 targets for ubiquitinating cardiac PPAR α/γ1 remains unknown. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is diabetic cardiomyopathy.