Gene ontology analysis also revealed that the most highly enriched down-regulated pathways in the liver from Dhx9f/f Alb-Cre mice compared to that from littermate control mice are associated with innate antiviral responses to viral infections, such as “defense response to virus,” “cellular response to IFN-β,” and “regulation of innate immune response” (Fig. 2C). This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and viral infectious disease.