Gene ontology analysis revealed that the most highly enriched down-regulated pathways in peritoneal macrophages from Dhx9f/f LysM-Cre were associated with defense response to viral infections, in particular, the IFN-ISG pathways, such as “defense response to virus,” “response to IFN-β,” and “positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus” (fig. Here, IFNB1 is linked to viral infectious disease.