CXCL1 and Sepsis: In patients with clinical sepsis, the plasma pCTS-L contents also moderately correlated with corresponding sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores (Fig. 3D) and the blood concentrations of several cytokines (IL-6) and chemokines (GRO, IL-8, and MCP-1; Fig. 3D) previously characterized as surrogate markers of experimental (37, 38) and clinical sepsis (39).