IFNG and neoplasm: Our findings further extended previous observations that pCTS-L was induced not only by growth factors in malignant tumor cells (28) but also by inflammatory (e.g., LPS, IFN-γ, or IL-6) (30, 31) and noxious (e.g., alcohol, cigarette smoking, and UV irradiation) stimuli (32–34) in innate immune cells (30, 33) or nonimmune cells such as hepatocytes (32), dermal fibroblasts (34), and synovial fibroblasts (31).