CXCL1 and Sepsis: Notably, some of the pCTS-L–inducible cytokines (e.g., IL-6) and chemokines (e.g., IL-8, MCP-1, GRO-α/KC, and GRO-β/MIP-2) have been characterized as surrogate markers of experimental (37) and clinical sepsis (39), because their blood levels are markedly higher in septic animals approaching the state of moribund than those remaining in the state of nonmoribund (38).