Combining the effect of local delivery and vascular targeting on cerebral delivery, Marcos-Contreras et al. found that injection of anti-ICAM-1 liposomes via a carotid artery catheter provided a five-fold elevation of accumulation in the brain (tracked by intravital real time microscopy via cranial window) compared to levels obtained by intravenous injection in mice with acute brain inflammation [258]. The gene discussed is ICAM1; the disease is brain inflammatory disease.