BNIP3 and cardiac hypertrophy: For example, BBR improves cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the PINK1/parkin pathway (Abudureyimu et al., 2020), induces mitophagy to inhibit NLRP3 activation by reducing P62 and recruiting LC3 to mitochondria (Liu H et al., 2020), restores cardiomyocyte senescence by activating prohibitin 2 (Wang L et al., 2022), and defends the myocardium from I/R injury via the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1α/BCL2-interacting protein 3(BNIP3) pathway (Zhu et al., 2020).