In addition to acetamidobenzoic acid and SPEG, the metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate, which is significantly altered by high-fiber diet, was found to have a strong binding affinity for the core proteins SYNE1 and ANK2, suggesting that high-fiber diet can benefit individuals with obesity through multiple targets and pathways. Here, SPEG is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.