Germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice with MCA-205 tumor cells that were orally gavaged with fecal microbes isolated from immunotherapeutic responders of NSCLC patients had an increase in both CTLA-4 and PD-1 therapy efficacy, whereas oral gavages from non-responders did not improve therapeutic success in these mice (124). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.