Importantly, our data highlight the potential role of nNIF and NET inhibition as a new treatment approach in the early phase of infection in polymicrobial sepsis in vivo. This study corroborates findings from our recent study in which nNIF treatment before or after initiation of peritonitis inhibited NET formation in a murine model of neonatal polymicrobial peritonitis and endotoxemia resulting from intraperitoneal LPS injection (27). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity.