Regarding psychological wellbeing, women with GDM treated with insulin reported significantly higher levels of anxiety at both time points compared with women in the non-GDM group (median STAI-6 score 12.0 vs 8.0, P = 0.005 at 24–34 weeks gestation; 12.0 vs 7.5, P = 0.046 (at ∼36 weeks gestation)) (Table 1, Figure 2a). This evidence concerns the gene INS and gestational diabetes.