VWF and diabetic kidney disease: These data are consistent with a clinical study (49), which found that serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), VEGF, insulin-like growth factors −1 (IGF-1), von Willebrand factor (vWf), and fibrinogen (Fg) were positively correlated with uACR, but negatively correlated with 25(OH)VD3 and eGFR, further confirming that serum HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, and IGF-1 are involved in DKD process through endothelial injury induced by inflammation, and angiogenesis under hyperglycemia.