EIF4EBP1 and tuberous sclerosis: Similarly, genes in the mTOR signaling pathway were not enriched in the gene expression analysis of cortical tubers from TSC patients, suggesting that transcription does not necessarily feedback from changes in translation, whereas mTOR1 signaling regulates translation via ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1 (S6K1), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) [21, 58].