NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease: The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a protein complex formed by NLRP3 and the adaptor proteins, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC, also termed as PYCARD) and caspase 1 (CASP1), can be activated by β-amyloid (Aβ) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) proteins, two most acknowledged pathological hallmarks of AD, followed by cleavage and activation of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL1B) and IL18 leading to neuronal dysfunction and pyroptosis [3–7].