Therefore, contradictory findings such as GLP-1 decreasing after sleeve gastrectomy, while seen in other small studies,44 are not corroborated by other larger studies or meta-analysis.45 We conducted this small evaluation in humans in order to obtain fecal samples for our mouse experiment in order to prove a causal relationship between the microbiome changes induced by bariatric surgery and NAFLD. Here, GCG is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.