Isolation of gut immune cells from TNBS- or DSS-treated mice found that HG-9-91-01 increased IL-10 production in colonic macrophages (but not neutrophils, DCs, T cells, or B cells), and the specific deletion of IL-10 in colonic macrophages blocked the therapeutic effect of HG-9-91-01 in both colitis models (217). Here, IL10 is linked to colitis.