Given the importance of Eotaxin-1 in recruiting eosinophils to the site of infection, the function of IL-5 to activate eosinophils, and the capacity of eosinophils to kill schistosomulae in vitro, the downregulation of these cytokines by SmCI-1 likely assists in avoidance of eosinophil mediated destruction [89,100–102]. The gene discussed is CCL11; the disease is infection.