TNF and post-traumatic stress disorder: TNF-α was significantly higher in both PTSD positive cases [45.14 (28.98–55.95) pg/ml; p = 0.030] and PTSD negative cases [57.28 (52.70–63.07) pg/ml; p = 0.050] than the controls 28.06 (21.62–39.91) pg/ml.