CD4 and infection: We emphasize that this is exactly the case for persons with less than 100 CD4 counts living in much of Latin America; thus, despite the potential trade-offs between side effects and adherence, itraconazole prophylaxis may be beneficial and cost effective for this specific population, to prevent infection from H. capsulatum and to prevent dissemination of latent infections, at least until screening is rolled out in all HIV care settings.