AKT1 and Familial prostate cancer: Further upregulation of PSMA expression is seen in more advanced prostate cancers and PSMA was shown to be an independent predictor of poor prognosis.16 Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, PSMA is associated with the activation of PI3K/AKT and cAMP/PKA pathways, which are involved in cell proliferation.17,18 The expression pattern of PSMA has made it a well-established target for molecular imaging in prostate cancer.