Two-way ANOVA indicated that VSL#3 interacted with hMSCs to exert an inhibitory effect on the NLRP3 mRNA level (VSL#3 × hMSC interaction, P = 0.0058) but not the caspase-1 mRNA level in striatum of PD mice (VSL#3 × hMSC interaction, P = 0.4136). The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is Parkinson disease.