Meanwhile, preventive anti-PD-1 treatment in NASH mice increased CD8+PD1+ T cells and also caused a marked increase in cancer incidence, which means CD8+PD1+ T cells from patients with NAFLD or NASH might help induce NASH–HCC, rather than invigorating or executing immune surveillance (159). Here, CD8A is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.