To gain insights into mechanisms underlying efficacy of MV-NIS and anti-PD-1 combination treatment, mice bearing subcutaneous FC1245-CD46 tumors were treated as described above and tumor samples were collected as depicted in Figure 3A, with timepoints at baseline (t0, before treatment), one week (t1) and two weeks (t2) after treatment initiation. Here, SLC5A5 is linked to neoplasm.