Treatment of advanced melanoma with talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC, Imlygic), the oncolytic herpes simplex virus approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), achieved a response rate of 62% in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab in a Phase Ib trial (45). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and melanoma.