Astonishingly, lTSLP alone can induce proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β (Figure 4A), IL-6 (Figure 4B), and IL-8 (Figure 4C) mRNA expression in PBMCs from HC or RA patients, while substantially suppressing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 mRNA expression (Figure 4D). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and rheumatoid arthritis.