Otherwise, the LA + CIN and LA + CUR groups revealed an increase of CD3 and a reduction of CD68 expressions in splenic tissues compared to the LA group, indicating an immuno-enhancement effect of both CUR and CIN (Banji et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2013; Elshopakey and Elazab, 2021). Here, CD68 is linked to cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.