Increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio up-regulates caspase-3 and increases apoptosis in many diseases such as in the thymus of patients with myasthenia Gravis (Salakou et al., 2007), human osteoarthritis (Georgios et al., 2015), bladder cancer (Matsumoto et al., 2004) and colorectal cancer (Khodapasand et al., 2015). The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.