Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (Laha et al., 2021), interleukin (IL) family (Sato et al., 2011; Kitamura et al., 2017), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (Yao et al., 2010) play an important role in angiogenesis, immune evasion, resistance to immunotherapy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process responsible for tumor progression and metastasis. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.