CD274 and neoplasm: This study had some limitations: (1) the small size of the subjects in this study; (2) short follow-up time, longer follow-up, and multicenter collaborations are needed to confirm PD-L1/PD-1's role; (3) PD-L1/PD-1 coexpression with CXCR3/CD36 should be investigated in tumor tissue; (4) cell function activities such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine release were not carried out; future research will investigate these issues; (5) PD-L1/PD-1 coexpression with CXCR3/CD36 was not investigated in different lymphocyte subsets; further studies are required.