The results of the transcriptome analysis showed that patient-derived drug-resistant cancer cells, when exposed to genotoxic stressors such as oxaliplatin and sorafenib, showed significantly increased levels of cancer stem cell markers (including CD133high/CD44high/CD24low) and expression of survival-related target genes (including PGC1α and ATP2B isoforms) than patient-derived drug-sensitive cancer cells (Fig. 5F). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to cancer.