Focusing on distinct ‘hot’, ‘cold’ and ‘excluded’ tumour-immune phenotypes with combined immune cell markers that are known to be specific for distinct cell types, we confirmed a close association of PD-L1 positive sq-BLCA (CPS ≥ 10) with CD3 + /CD4 + (p = 0.022) and CD3 + /CD8 + T-cell (p = 0.021) as well as CD68 + /CD163 + macrophage (p < 0.001) hot immune phenotypes (Table 4). Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.