Across all tumours, the CD68+CD163+ macrophages constituted only 5% of the CD68+ macrophages and 23% of the CD163+ cells (Fig. 1d), but demonstrated substantial inter-patient heterogeneity with cell densities ranging from 0 to 1080 cells/mm2 of tumour tissue (Fig. 1e). Here, CD163 is linked to neoplasm.