HMOX1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: This study showed that SIV could reduce the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the TNF-α-stimulated HPMECs and KP-induced ALI rats by the inhibition of JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, thereby further revealing the mechanism of the protective effects of SIV on ALI.