TLR4 and Immunodeficiency: Additionally, given the role of mop in regulation of Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways as well as IKKβ phosphorylation of Relish (Silverman et al., 2000), the Drosophila NF-κB transcription factor in IMD pathway, it is plausible that alteration in the level of mop is due to effect of reduced IKKβ on innate immune pathways.