Cancer cells typically exhibit a more acidic tumor microenvironment due to increased extracellular acidification, which is a result of increased glycolysis induced by the Warburg effect.24–26,43,48,49 We found that NDUFA4L2 expression resulted in an increase in glycolysis in both RCC4-P cells and HK-2-F-NDU cells (Figure 2b), therefore suggesting a lower pH environment when NDUFA4L2 is expressed. Here, COXFA4L2 is linked to neoplasm.